The processing systems utilized in the satellites or nuclear reactors are highly susceptible to produce wrong results because of the existence of different radiations. In this paper, a new method is proposed for enhancing the program executions on the fault-prone processors in extreme environments. The main goal is the detection of control flow errors caused by soft errors that maybe produced by transient faults occurred in the underlying hardware. This method detects the errors by recognizing the deviations from the proper program flow execution. The proposed method operates by allocating two specific signatures and at most three control instructions to each basic block inside a program. This way, many control flow errors are detected. The experimental results based on the simulation of the proposed method together with the previous methods show that the proposed method detects the control flow errors better than the previous methods with respect to three main parameters including fault coverage, performance overhead and memory overhead.

Background: Schizophrenia is one of the most important and disabling mental disorders in the world. Males and females are equally affected. Diagnosis is a very difficult problem in this disorder. Because the diagnostic systems such as ICD-IO and DSM-IV are mainly subjective, they are not valid and reliable. Essentially, in the future, we will need to more objective criteria in psychiatry especially in diagnosis of schizophrenia. Neurological soft signs are an example of these objective criteria. In this study we evaluated the prevalence of neurological soft signs in schizophrenic patients and compared it with the prevalence of these signs in other psychotic patients (except mood disorders with psychotic features) and normal subjects. Methods: We compared the neurological soft signs (sensory motor integration, motor. Coordination, consequent complex motor acts, primary reflexes, and eye movements) in 30 schizophrenic patients, 30 other psychotic patients (other than mood disorders with psychotic features) and 30 normal subjects. Diagnosis of schizophrenia and also other psychoses were based on DSM-IN criteria. Normal subjects have been selected form the staff of Roozbeh hospital randomly. Results: The difference between the means of motor coordination subscale of neurological soft signs in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders (other than mood disorders with psychotic features) were significant (P value<0.04). There were no significant differences between the means of other subscales of neurological soft signs in two groups of patients. Conclusion: There are some disturbances of motor coordination subscale of neurological soft signs in patients with schizophrenia. It seems that, these disturbances are evidence of involvements of basal ganglia, motor cerebral cortex, and cerebellum. So it may be suggested that motor coordination as a marker can be used in differentiation between the schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.

Soft errors caused by high energetic particles have become a serious threat for reliability of today's computer systems. Until recently, Single-Bit soft errors has considered as the main effect of particle strikes, however, as technology is downscaling toward Nano-Scale sizes, Multi-Bit soft errors is emerging as an important reliability challenge. Consequently, investigating the effects of Multi-Bit soft errors on systems reliability are of decisive importance. In this paper, we intend to comprehensively study the effects of Multi-Bit soft errors on system behaviors in terms of Control Flow and Data Errors using different benchmarks. According to our fault injection experiments using 17 MiBench programs and injected 17000 fault, observed Multi-Bit faults have same behavior like Single-Bit faults and rate of the fault have significantly increased. Therefore, the average SDC rate has increased by 2% in multi-bit errors, which is due to the non-symptomatic nature of these errors. This indicates a negligible impact on system reliability.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to introduce several notions, such as soft topological soft groups, soft topological soft normal subgroups, and soft topological soft factor groups, and to study their properties.Methods: We have adopted the analytical method.Results: We have studied properties of soft topological soft groups, soft subgroups, soft normal subgroups, soft factor groups, and soft homomorphisms.Conclusions: The fundamental homomorphism theorem is extended in a soft topological soft group setting.

In this paper we discuss some basic properties of rough soft sets and hence we introduce the notion of rough soft group. Basic properties of rough soft group are presented and supported by some illustrative examples.